Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 8 Articles
The chemical industry as well as academia search for alternative solvents to meet the requirements of clean technology to avoid the damaging effects of presently used solvents. ILs are good solvents for a wide range of substances. They can easily replace other conventional organic solvents which are used in large quantities in chemicals processing industries to eliminate major environmental problems. The pharmaceutical industry is a highly regulated industry and various environmental regulation clauses have to be met in terms of effluent treatment. Ionic liquids which are also known as green solvents since they are not explosive and it is feasible to recycle and repeatedly reuse them can be of great use to the pharmaceutical industry. Their applications include electrolyte in batteries, lubricants, plasticizers, as solvents in synthesis, matrices for mass spectroscopy, solvents to manufacture nano-materials, extraction, gas absorption agents, solvent replacement, purification of gases, homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, biological reactions media and removal of metal ions to name a few. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to present a critical review on various aspects of ionic liquids with the aim of their applications and advantages over conventional solvents in analytical chemistry from a pharmaceutical point of view....
In order to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), liposomes were prepared for brain targeting due to their structural resemblance to the cell membrane. Since BBB has a negative charge, therefore forming neutral liposomes will favor their passive diffusion through such a barrier leading to drug delivery in the brain. Consequently, the addition of a positive charge inducer will shift the zeta potential of the formed negatively charged liposomes towards neutral or even positive zeta potential. However having a neutral charge makes liposomes more vulnerable to form aggregates leading to an increase in particle size, leaving the nano range. Tween 80, non ionic surfactant, therefore was added to give stability to the formed liposomes due to its steric hindrance effect. A 32 full factorial design was carried out to study the effect of the addition of increasing molar ratios of DDAB and Tween 80 on particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Afterwards, numerical optimization was performed based on the utilization of desirability functions. Particle size analysis, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release were studied for the optimized formula....
Oxcarbazepine (OX) and quetiapine fumarate (QF) are poorly water-soluble drugs and bioavailability is very low. The objective of the research was to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of drugs by formulating a solid dispersion with pluronic polymers F127, F87 and F108 using hot melt method. The dissolution profiles of developed formulations were studied. Drug–polymer interactions also were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For the preparation of oxcarbazepine and quetiapine fumarate fast-dissolve tablets, a 1:2 solid dispersion with pluronic polymers F127, F87 and F108 was used with croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant and pearlitol 200SD (pearlitol) as a pore-forming agent. Also studied was disintegration time, percentage friability, wettability and percentage of drug released etc. The results showed that a dispersion of the drug in polymer considerably enhanced the dissolution rate. The drug-to-carrier ratio is the controlling factor for dissolution improvement. FTIR spectra show no chemical incompatibility between the drug and pluronic polymers F127, F87 and F108. FTIR and DSC data indicate that oxcarbazepine and quetiapine fumarate was in the amorphous form, which explains the faster dissolution rate of the drug from its solid dispersions. Concerning the optimization study, different analysis revealed that an optimum concentration of croscarmellose sodium and a higher percentage of pearlitol are required for obtaining rapidly disintegrating tablets....
Generally emulsions are water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, but emulsions may contain polar liquid as one of the phase. Non-aqueous emulsions are useful in many situations where presence of water is not desirable, formulation of active ingredients which undergo hydrolysis or oxidation in presence of water. The study was to design a stable non-aqueous microemulsion using cosmetically approved ingredients as a vehicle for the water sensitive active ingredients. Non aqueous microemulsions were designed to increase the dermal penetration and permeation and study solubility and dermal bioavailability of griseofulvin. For better compliance incorporated the non aqueous micro emulsions in cosmetics or personal care products. A non-aqueous system was obtained with glycerin and olive oil stabilized by glycerol monosterate with cosurfactant. It was observed that emulsification behavior is completely unpredictable and conventional theories of emulsification and HLB system cannot be applied here. An optimized non-aqueous microemulsion was obtained through implementation of pseudo ternary phase diagram. Pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed using surfactant and co surfactant ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1) and microemulsion region was determined and further characterized for pH, rheology, spreadability, drug content, globule size analysis, zeta potential and stability. In-vitro drug release shows increases permeation rate compared to aqueous formulation. Stability studies (agitation, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, accelerated stability) were carried out at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C. Cream was stable at 5°C and 25°C. Formulation was evaluated for antifungal activity against Microsporum gypsum and skin irritation test on mice skin. The result was significant and p value of all response for skin irritation was found to be ≤0.05. Results proved that non-aqueous micro emulsion can be used as vehicle for the poorly water soluble drug, suspension vehicles and oleogels....
The purpose of the work was to formulate fluoxetine hydrochloride orodispersible tablets with considerable increase in disintegration time; eight formulations were formulated and evaluated. Disintegration time of the tablet was improved with ludiflash, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and kyron T-314. The drug was characterized according to different compendium, on the basis of identification by UV spectroscopy, pH, organoleptic properties and other tests. Among the four disintegrating agents, one was selected for further studies i.e., ludiflash, because of more effectiveness and enhanced disintegration time. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method and effects of various processing parameters viz. Hardness, disintegration time and wetting time were studied to optimize disintegrating agent. Maximum concentration was obtained at drug-disintegrating agent ratio 1:8, drug concentration 20 mg. The values of pre-compression parameters evaluated, were within prescribed limits and indicated free flowing properties. Post-compression parameters such as hardness, thickness, uniformity of weight, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro dispersion time, fineness of dispersion, in-vitro disintegration test, in-vitro drug release study, drug content uniformity were carry out. The batch F8 with disintegration time 19.02 sec±0.34 and dissolution 98.63% in 0.1N hydrochloric acid and 99.1% in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was selected as optimized formulation. Batch F8 was also subjected to stability studies for one month and was tested for its % drug content, hardness, disintegration time and wetting time. It was observed no significant change in the contents of the tablets. By an appropriate selection and combination of excipients it was possible to obtain orodispersible tablets....
Various studies have been reported on different pulmonary drug delivery system but pulmonary microspheres are one of the convenient drug delivery system due to its efficiency to deliver drug. In the present study, microspheres of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared from biodegradable polymer PLGA (75:25) by using spray drying technique. These formulations were studied and compared on the basis of their polymeric concentration with the help of different evaluation parameters. Study suggest that by using optimum concentration of polymers in the formulations of pulmonary microspheres we can achieve the alveolar level for drug deposition and spray drying is one of the convenient method to formulate pulmonary microspheres....
Sertraline HCl (SRT) oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) were formulated using direct compression technique through a 3 x 22 factorial design. Since disintegration time is an essential pharmacopoeial test for ODTs and tablet hardness testing is important for product development, this study aimed to develop an optimized formula with adequate disintegration time and\nhardness. The effect of different types of sugar based diluents (xylitol and maltitol), disintegrating agent (Ac-Di-Sol, crospovidone (CP) and co-processed mixture of Ac-Di-Sol and crospovidone) and disintegrating agent concentration (5%, 10%) were studied. Upon evaluation of the prepared ODTs, tablets containing xylitol with 10% CP (F4) and maltitol with 10% CP (F10) and maltitol with 10% co-processed mixture (F12) appeared to have superior properties as ODTs....
Mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) constitute an innovative dosage form that overcome the problems of swallowing and provides a quick onset of action. The aim of the present research was to prepare oral dispersible tablets by sublimation method and investigate the effects of superdisintegrant (kyron T-314) on the disintegration time. Rizatriptan benzoate, anti-migrain drug was selected as the model drug for the study. A high porosity was achieved using camphor as volatilizing agent. Tablets were prepared using a direct compression method employing superdisintegrants such as kyron T-314, crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate. In-vitro release studies were performed using USP apparatus-II (paddle method) in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2) at 50 rpm. Tablets of rizatriptan benzoate prepared using kyron T-314 exhibited the least friability and disintegration time 34.33 seconds. The addition of camphor as a subliming agent lowered the disintegration time to 30.33 seconds. A 32 full factorial design was employed to study the joint influence of the amount of superdisintegrant (kyron T-314) and the amount of sublimating agent (camphor) on the percent of friability and the disintegration time. The results revealed that an effective MDT of rizatriptan benzoate requires higher percentages of kyron T-314 and camphor should be used. Stability studies revealed that were no significant changes in the formulation Thus, it was concluded that by adopting a systematic formulation approach, rizatriptan benzoate mouth dissolving tablet could be formulated using superdisintegrants in combination with a vacuum-drying technique for improved therapeutic efficacy....
Loading....